Oct 06, 2017 You can recover your keys without a Ledger Nano S This video shows how you get the public and private key of Bitcoin and Ethereum from your leder 24 words recovery phrase. My recovery phrase: This.
In a previous article, we explained that the only critical piece of information needed to access digital assets is the private key associated with your account.
While hardware wallets are the most secure way to store your private keys, your coins are not technically in your hardware wallet. Only the private key is stored in the hardware wallet. But how exactly does it all work?
One key to generate them all
One of the most useful properties of cryptography is the ability to mathematically derive keys from other keys. In the previous article we showed how the public key was derived from the private key.
Private keys are equally derived from another key. The key these are derived from is called the Master Seed. Through the Master Seed, it is possible to generate an infinite number of private keys.
This Master Seed itself consists of a list of 256 bits (like flipping a coin 256 times). To make it humanly readable it can be represented with a list of 24 words as is the case for our hardware wallets. These are obtained when you first use your Ledger device. We call those 24 words the Recovery phrase.
This Recovery phrase (24 words) has to be carefully written down (correct order, no misspellings) and protected after you initialize your hardware wallet. That’s the purpose of the Recovery sheet.
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Similarly to the concept of private and public keys seen in our first article, you cannot retrieve the master seed using the private keys.
The Master Seed can be reused as many times as necessary to regenerate the private keys derived from it, and each time the result will be the same. This is why when you uninstall and reinstall a Ledger application, it provides you access to the same cryptocurrency wallets.
A standard was developed to detail how to generate private keys from a Master Seed.
In short, there is no need to handle hundreds or thousands of private keys.
You only need one piece of information: The Master Seed. This Master Seed is represented through a list of humanly readable words, the Recovery phrase.
Remember:
Sharing your private key with anyone will provide them access to the cryptocurrencies associated with it.
Similarly, providing your 24 words to anyone will provide them access to all the derived private keys, and consequently all the cryptocurrencies associated with those. Do not share your 24 words.
Using a single list of 24 words increases the ease of use for the user, since there is now only one piece of information to protect. However, it greatly increases the risk of losing everything if this information is lost or leaked.
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The Recovery Phrase
The Recovery phrase is displayed to the user as a list of 24 words and, as previously explained, is the root for all the secrets (private keys) of your hardware wallet
This unique list of words is generated by your hardware wallet and should never be shared with anyone.
From this list of words, it is possible to derive Bitcoin addresses and private keys, Ethereum addresses and private keys, as well as any other coins. Therefore, protecting your recovery sheets is of the utmost importance. Please review our best practices to safeguard it.
Your Ledger Hardware wallet helps you both securely generate and safeguard your 24 words by preventing anyone from accessing it.
The 24 words are in the hardware wallet, but where are my private keys?
Generate Private Keys From Ledger Seed Video
The 24 words – or its binary equivalent: the Master Seed – are locked inside the Ledger hardware wallet, and will never leave the device. Ledger has built all its devices around specialized chips called Secure Elements.
- Where should I store my 24 words?
Keep your Recovery sheet physically secure to make sure it can’t be lost or destroyed by accident. Never ever share your 24-word recovery phrase, in any form, with anyone. Never ever enter or store your recovery phrase on a computer or smartphone – including photos of it. - What if I lose my device?
Don’t worry, you can enter your recovery phrase on a new device to recover full access to your crypto assets. - Can I clone my 24 words to another Ledger hardware wallet?
By entering your 24 words on another Ledger device, you’ll be in possession of two hardware wallets you can use independently which provide access to the same assets - What if I lose my 24 words
The 24-word recovery phrase is the only backup of the private keys providing access to your crypto assets. Always store copies of the recovery phrase in secure locations, out of sight.
If you have lost your 24 words but still have access to your device with your PIN, you can temporarily move your cryptocurrencies to another wallet, reset your device and obtain a new set of 24 words. After this, you can send them to your new addresses.
Eventually you’ll want to use your private keys to make a transaction.
As we explained above, all private keys are derived from the 24 words using dedicated cryptographic principles.
The action of deriving the keys is performed by the applications running on your Ledger devices and will be described in the next article.
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Generate Private Keys From Ledger Seed Free
One of the most common questions new crypto-enthusiasts have is how hadware wallets like the Ledger Nano S can possibly be the most secure way to store cryptocurrency? What if the device gets stolen or destroyed?
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Php artisan key generate error windows 10. Before we dive into explanations, it's recommended you read this short post about cryptocurrency wallets, so that the terminology used in the rest of the article becomes clear.
BIP
App that lets you dj from spotify music converter. When the blockchain appeared as the technology behind Bitcoin, and a group of programmers / scientists wanted to propose a new feature, they had to formalize and present that idea in a way that's readable and understandable by all participants of the bitcoin network. Such formal proposals were called Bitcoin Improvement Proposals or BIPs. All BIPs are publicly discussed before being implemented into the blockchain.
By setting up a good foundation for new ideas, this allowed other blockchains to adopt the good ideas that they liked and discard the ones they didn't.
This is where things get a little more technical and complex. We promise it'll be worth it by the end of this post – keep reading!
One such good idea was BIP 39. BIP 39 uses math to figure out how to use a set of 24 regular words to get a seed – a big random number from which further keys for crypto wallets are later generated.
Curiosity: If you're interested in taking a look at the lists of supported words, see here.
BIP 39 also defines a way to secure these 24 words with an additional passphrase which counts as word 25. If no passphrase is selected, an empty one is used, so it's essentially always 24 words + passphrase (empty or not).
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Curiosity: This passphrase differs from passwords you're used to in various interfaces in that it doesn't produce an error message if the wrong one is used. Any passphrase in combination with 24 words produces a valid seed, which is useful in plausible deniability scenarios – an extortion-protection mechanism we'll explain later.
This generated seed number is used to generate a root key – an unguessable combination of letters and numbers – for each cryptocurrency you're interested in. Every blockchain has its own method of generating the root key from the seed, and in the example of bitcoin that's BIP 32 which results in a key like this one: xprv9s21ZrQH143K3QTDL4LXw2F7HEK3wJUD2nW2nRk4stbPy6cq3jPPqjiChkVvvNKmPGJxWUtg6LnF5kejMRNNU3TGtRBeJgk33yuGBxrMPHi.
This key is then used to generate several private keys which then become cryptocurrency wallets for a given blockchain.
Confused?
It all boils down to this: BIP 39 is used to pick a certain combination of words, which may or may not be passphrase-protected, which are then used to generate wallets with a formula such as the one described in BIP 32.
So what does all this have to do with a device like the Ledger?
Ledger
When you first turn a Ledger device on, it'll generate the aforementioned 256-bit seed. This seed number will be used to calculate 24 words which are then shown on the device's screen.
The user should then write these 24 words down on a piece of paper which comes in the box with the Ledger, and keep that paper safe, away from the Ledger itself.
In addition to that, the Ledger requires the use of a PIN which can have 4 to 8 digits. If, after setting it up, the PIN is wrongly inputted 3 times in a row, the Ledger will self-destruct all data on it.
Should the Ledger ever get destroyed, stolen, or lost, the original owner of the device can use the words from the piece of paper to restore its contents – either on a backup Ledger, or in a software wallet like MyEtherWallet, thus regaining all funds and addresses. This is possible because all you need to regenerate the root key are those 24 words and the passphrase (if set).
It's important to say this again: the same root key will always be generated from the same combination of 24 words, and the same addresses will be generated from that root key. Therefore, to reclaim all wallets generated with a BIP 39 word phrase, all you need is the one single combination of 24 words inserted into hardware or software supporting that generation method.
Generate Private Keys From Ledger Seed Online
Plausible Deniability
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We mentioned extortion-protection previously, so let's explain it in this section.
The Ledger won't ask you for your passphrase when you turn it on, but it will ask you for your PIN. The passphrase can't be set when setting up the device for the first time, either – only in Settings can you subsequently add it.
This lets you attach a separate PIN to a passphrase in order to have two (or more). Each PIN will be bound to its own passphrase, and because of the aforementioned fact that 24 words + passphrase always produce a valid seed (there's no “Incorrect password” warning), it's easy to define a decoy PIN to give to someone who's forcing you to give it up.
In such an instance, inputting the secondary decoy PIN will not destroy the Ledger's data, but will open wallets corresponding to that passphrase when added to your 24 words. The robber won't know you haven't given him the real PIN, and he'll gain access to bogus addresses. For added effect, add some trivial amounts of cryptocurrency to the addresses to make them seem real – zero-balance addresses won't be as convincing.
The Probability of Guessing Keys
Many people wonder how easy it would be to just guess the 24 words and gain access to someone's wallet that way, especially considering BIP 39 isn't even using the whole dictionary, but only 2048 words.
There are 2^256 or 115792089237316195423570985008687907853269984665640564039457584007913129639936 possible combinations for the 24 words. If we assume that we have an impossible computer which is capable of guessing 100 trillion combinations a second, to try them all we'd need:
That's around 36717430000000000000536992568032848736216424136408984408 years, and that's only if you have a computer more powerful than anything that's ever even been imagined by mankind. Microsoft office visio professional 2007 product key generator and activator.
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What if you know all the words, but not the order? In that case, the number of possible combinations is 24! (24 factorial).
An equally powerful computer would thus take:
That's 196.6 years.
So even if you knew all the words in someone's combination, but just needed to guess the order, you'd need 200 years of using a computer that's unimaginably powerful even by today's standards. If you don't know which words you need to guess, the number is multiplied by 2048 for every missing word. So not knowing just one of them in this case would increase the time required to guess all combinations to 400,000 years.
Conclusion
The Ledger is an exceptionally safe way of storing your cryptocurrency. It vastly outperforms any kind of USB-based storage where you just save your key into a file and put it away.
The device has its own processor which calculates the keys, which means your root key never leaves the device – this keeps it safe from potential viruses or auto-transacting malware installed on the computer you're using it with. In addition to that, the Ledger demands an extra hardware confirmation of any transaction – you need to press a button on the device whenever sending funds, or else it doesn't work. There's no sneaky funds siphoning with the Ledger.
If you lose or destroy your Ledger, it's trivial to get all the funds back by just punching in the 24 words obtained when first setting the device up. These words should be kept safe and away from prying eyes.
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You can use our web shop to buy the Bitfalls-branded Ledger at a price that's lower than retail. It's also possible to buy Ledger with extra options like cryptocurrency already on it, or an hour of Skype consultations alongside the purchase during which we'll explain everything about the device and help you set it up.
For any and all questions, there's also our email. Get in touch!